Regardless of what material Made The selected tile (tile, slate, granite or marble)

Regardless of what material Made The selected tile (tile, slate, granite or marble)
Ceramic floor tiles - a durable and attractive in many respects the material. This is exactly what you need to make your kitchen and bathroom always looked good. However, the process of laying requires preparation and some patience.

For ceramic tiles you will need special tools. Make sure you include a list of required tools and supplies everything you need to have on hand for the job. If you plan to cover the tiles and the walls and floor, then better start from the walls.

Regardless of the material from which made you choose a tile (a tile, slate, granite or marble), the principles will be laying the same. Once you have made cost estimates, and purchase all necessary materials and tools, you can get to work.

Contents:
• Tools and materials
• Facing the floor
• Preparation of floor
• Options for laying tile
• Scheme of installation
• Laying tiles on the floor
• Trim and fit ceramic tiles
• Alignment of sharp and jagged edges
• Primer seams

Tools and materials for ceramic tiles
Tools for laying tile:
• Level
• Safety glasses
• glass cutter
• Rug
• Sponge
• Clean cloth
• Rubber Float
• Pencil
• Roulette
• Hammer
• Notched scraper or trowel

Materials for tile laying:
• Tiles (whole and pieces)
• Dividers tile (if necessary)
• putty mixtures
• Clay tile
• Silicone sealant
• Liquid silicone sealant

If you're going to put tile on the floor, use only the floor tiles. Between wall and floor tiles, there is a huge difference. Wall and floor tiles may look similar, but, in fact, floor tiles are usually thicker. In addition, it has a specially treated surface, which allows us not slip when walking. Large floor tiles will not safely stay on the walls.

Preparing the floor for laying tile
The old flooring must be removed. The new liner will be qualitative only if the surface - the base of the future of ceramic floor fairly well prepared. If the surface is uneven or soft, you risk on a regular basis to deal with the replacement of gamy tiles that cracked, broken, it will be difficult to clean, etc.

• Floor tiles can be quite severe, and therefore must be installed on a flat, hard surface. The thickness of the base must be no less than 3 cm
• If you have a wooden base, then your floor can "podrygivat" when you walk on it. In this case, try to increase its rigidity. For this re-nail the base floor to the wooden beams. Strengthen the floor with additional braces between the joists or put it on the wedge between the top edge beams and the bottom surface of the base floor.

Be Secure
Never grind on the vinyl floor - older floors may contain asbestos. Check all old floors to their content of asbestos. If you have found asbestos, contact a professional to remove the coating.
• If your floor is uneven, make a screed. For waterproofing of wet areas tile manufacturers recommend the use of coated fiber cement.
• If you have a cement floor, and close up all holes and cracks. Large bumps can be removed with coarse-grained abrasive belt or grinding apparatus. Small irregularities are eliminated plumbing chisel and hammer. (Do not forget to wear safety glasses).
• If the floor is covered with linoleum, you can make the base for tiling directly over the linoleum. To do this:


1. Thoroughly clean the floor. Surface on which tiles will be installed must be smooth and free of any debris and dust. Make sure that no traces of grease or wax for better adhesion to the tile surface.
2. Carefully pull the nails out of trim items from the back so that no cracks. You can use them again.
3. In wet places, the base for the floor shall be watertight. Fiber-cement boards are ideal for this purpose. Often, this plate is called "cement board". A mixture of cement and fiber and makes it durable and waterproof. Typically, boards have a thickness of 6 or 12 mm.

Two examples of tile laying
The number of variants laying tile is practically infinite. We present two of the most popular options:
Version of the "seam to seam" is used most often. Tiles of different colors can be arranged in a checkerboard pattern
Option "in the desynchronization" is a shift in the seam in each row
And he and the other option is laid out pretty simple, but more difficult is the second.

If you have an artistic taste and you are a professional, try to lay out the mosaic of tiny tiles on the surface of the kitchen table. These mosaics can look stunning.
Preparation for laying tile on the floor
When laying the tiles must be borne in mind that in the first catches the eye center of the room. Therefore, in your best interest to tile in the center of the room was placed just neater.

Repair Corridor .

1. Measure the length of two opposite walls and find their centers. From these points, spend two chalk line along the entire room. The lines should intersect precisely in the center of the room at right angles to each other. To be absolutely sure of this, check out the angles with the help of carpenter

2. Put some dry tiles along the lines the width and length of the room. Leave regular intervals between the tiles for a primer. Floor tiles usually do not have separators (crosses), in contrast to the wall tiles. So you have to leave gaps on the eyes.

3. Laying tile in such a way, you may have to move the place of intersection of guide lines. The purpose of your work - put as much as much as the tiles. At least, the last tile in a row against the wall should have a width of less than half of the tile. Proper installation of the center and guides - a very important moment in the tiling. If done properly, it will save you much time and money, and you get satisfaction from their work

Laying tiles on the floor
1. Begin laying tile at the center, where the guide lines intersect. Lay out the tiles along the lines from the center to the wall in each square.
2. Spread the adhesive with a notched trowel. Grooves between the strips of adhesive should be narrow.
Good idea: Some ceramic tiles have built in dividers. If you want to get a wider seams, use the appropriate delimiters.
3. Optionally, you can insert plastic spacers (crosses) between the tiles. This will help align the seams. After installation, remove them, but do it before the glue will undertake the final
Some adhesives emit toxic, flammable gases. Ensure good ventilation, particularly in confined spaces, such as a shower. Always follow the directions on the label on measures for safety. Be especially careful when using the tool for cutting tiles.
4. Remove any excess adhesive between the tiles before it dries. Glue from the tile surface remove with a sponge or cloth soaked in solvent (When choosing the right solvent, follow the manufacturer's instructions). Clay is usually hardens within 20 - 30 minutes
5. Once you have installed several rows of tiles on the adhesive make fitting tiles with the level and mallets
6. After laying all the whole tiles, start trimming and gluing the tiles to fill the gap between the wall and the floor around the perimeter of the room


Cutting and fitting tiles

In order to install the tiles on the edges of the room, around windows, electrical appliances, pipes, basins, toilets or different projections, we have to cut the tiles. Cut tiles in a straight line is relatively simple. Trimming by the curly lines are much more difficult and requires practice and patience.
For smaller volume works use glass cutter or a simple kafelerezom. For larger projects, make better use of trimmer. Model trimmer for home craftsmen are relatively inexpensive. They cut cleanly and leaves little waste.

Try to distribute pressure evenly on the tiles when you use tools for labeling, cutting or drilling. When too pressed tiles may crack and split up. Drilling tiles can only be a special drill.

To cut the tile to the desired angle, put a mark glaziers, using the square with diamond division.

Using the glass cutter or kafelerezom, try to apply the label correctly the first time. Because of the repeated application of labels tile can crack or crumble.
Always wear safety goggles when working with tiles.

Breaking the tiles by hand
1. Put the tile coated with a scored on a nail or a piece of stiff wire, face up.
2. Put your fingers on both sides of the tiles and evenly press down until the tile will not crack.

Using tongs
1. Hold down the tile nippers to center on a marked line and press down on the handle.
2. A free hand to hold the portion of the tiles you intend to use.

Using kafelereza

1. Measure and Draw a cutting line on the tile.
2. Align this mark with a pointer to the cutter.
3. Hold the tile on one level, advancing the cutting wheel to the edge of the tile. Push it firmly into the direction of his own.
4. When the cutter wheel reaches the end, click on the handle, the tile is cracked

Trimmer
1. Measure and Draw a cutting line on the tile.
2. Align this mark with a pointer to the cutter.
3. Hold the tile on one level, moving towards the blade. Move slowly to avoid overheating and cracking the tiles.

Drilling holes in tile
1. Draw a pencil outline for cutting.
2. In order to drill a hole inside the delineated contour, use a drill bit 12 mm pobeditovym tip for concrete.
Drill only gentle pressure.
3. Insert the Tungsten hack saw blade into the hole in the tile and fasten the ends of the saber blade in the frame.
4. Saw along the pencil lines with constant pressure. Excessive force can break a tile.

Tiling around protrusions
1. Using a compass and a pencil, draw the desired path on the tile.
2. Draw a glass cutter on the line drawn by you. Then draw a few intersecting lines inside removed parts of the tile.
3. Using wire cutters or pliers, start chipping small pieces of tiles being removed from the side. The idea is to get the pieces, not chunks.
4. An alternative way is to make several parallel cuts through the trimmer. The result is a bit of waste in the form of small strips. Snap off their tongs and smooth the surface.

Alignment of sharp and jagged edges
• Serrated edges - Using wire cutters or pliers, edge tiles
• Sharp edges - round file trim the sharp edges on tiles cleaved
• Cut edge - cutting edge tiles treat sandpaper and sand the number 80.

 Grout joints
1. Stir the grout to the consistency of thick paste and spread with a force between the tiles using the trowel, holding it at an angle of 45 degrees.
2. Place the trowel almost perpendicular to the floor. Remove excess grout from the tile surface. Carefully seal all seams. Use a toothbrush to make a final appearance.
3. After 20 minutes, remove any excess grout with a damp sponge. Rinse the sponge frequently with clean water. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for drying and grout cleaning primer.
4. Fill out the ball joints of a flexible water-soluble silicone sealant. (If you do it with your finger, you should wear rubber gloves).
5. After the primer harden for a week, you can apply the sealant a small brush to protect the grout.
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